How to exclude certain files or directories from the ls command output in Linux?

To exclude certain files or directories from the ls command output in Linux, you can use the --ignore or -I option. This option allows you to specify a pattern that should be ignored by the ls command. For example, to exclude all files and directories with the word “backup” in the name, you could use the following command:

ls --ignore=*backup*

This will list all files and directories in the current directory, except for those that contain the word “backup” in their name.

Alternatively, you can use the -I option followed by the name of the file or directory you want to exclude. For example, to exclude a file named “temp.txt”, you could use the following command:

ls -I temp.txt

This will list all files and directories in the current directory, except for “temp.txt”. You can also use this option multiple times to exclude multiple files or directories.

Note that depending on your shell and their configuration, you might have to enclose the pattern in quotes to prevent the shell from interpretting the asterisk character before it is given to the ls command as an argument.