How to display file permissions in octal format using the ls command in Linux?

To display file permissions in octal format using the ls command in Linux, you can combine the -l and -o options. This will display a long listing of files and directories, without including owner and group information. Here is an example command:

ls -lo

This command will list all files and directories in the current directory, with the file permissions displayed in octal format on the far left side of the output.

Keep in mind that the octal format represents a combination of the read, write, and execute permissions for the user, group, and others. Each digit in the octal format represents the permissions for each of these three categories in order.

For example, a file with permissions -rwxr-xr-- would have an octal format of 754, indicating that the user has read, write, and execute permissions, the group has read and execute permissions, and others have read permissions only.

If you need more detailed information about file permissions, you can use the stat command instead. This command provides additional information about file access, modification, and change times, as well as ownership and permissions in both octal and symbolic formats.