How to display the file ownership and permission information using the ls command in Linux?

To display the file ownership and permission information using the ls command in Linux, you can use the -l option. This option stands for “long listing” and will display a detailed listing of the files and directories in a specified directory. Here is an example command:

ls -l /path/to/directory/

This command will display a list of all files and directories in the specified directory, along with their ownership and permission information. The output will look something like this:

-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 1024 Mar 29 09:30 file.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 user group 4096 Mar 29 09:30 directory

The first column shows the permissions, which can be separated into three groups: owner, group, and others. The second column shows the number of hard links to the file. The third and fourth columns show the owner and group that own the file or directory. The fifth column shows the size of the file in bytes. The sixth column shows the date and time the file was last modified. Finally, the last column shows the name of the file or directory.

Note that the output of this command can be quite lengthy and may require you to scroll through multiple pages. To display the ownership and permission information for a single file, simply specify the file name instead of the directory.

Also, keep in mind that while the ls command can provide useful information about file ownership and permissions, it should not be used to modify these settings. For that, you should use the chmod or chown commands instead.